Peritoneal mesothelioma, a form of cancer, accounts for only 10% - 20% of all cases with tumors typically growing in the abdomen. Peritoneal mesothelioma develops when people cough up and then swallow asbestos fibers thereby causing damage to the peritoneum. The peritoneum is the layer of tissue that lines the abdomen to protect organs.

Similar to pleural mesothelioma, asbestos fibers damage the peritoneum by causing inflammation and scarring. Cells become abnormal and grow out of control. Over time, peritoneal mesothelioma may break through the abdominal wall and invade organs like the lungs, heart, stomach, and liver. Peritoneal mesothelioma can even attach itself to blood vessels, the esophagus, or intestines, making it hard or even impossible to remove the cancer surgically.

As the cancer grows and spreads, fluid fills the abdomen and puts pressure on vital organs. Patients with peritoneal mesothelioma often report symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and digestive disturbances.

Treatment for peritoneal mesothelioma may include inserting a needle into the abdomen to drain fluid. Surgery may help relieve symptoms or remove the tumor from the abdominal wall. Doctors may also apply chemotherapy treatments or radiation treatments directly into the abdomen.