Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type of mesothelioma, accounting for 75% of all cases. The disease develops when people breathe in asbestos fibers. The fibers travel to the ends of small air passages in the lungs and damage the pleura. The pleura is the layer of tissue that lines the chest cavity and helps to protect organs.

Asbestos fibers damage the pleura by causing inflammation and scarring. Usually with pleural mesothelioma, the tumor appears in only one lung, often the right one. Cells become abnormal and grow out of control. Over time, pleural mesothelioma can break through the pleura and spread into chest wall or into the abdomen.

As the cancer grows and spreads, fluid fills the chest and puts pressure on vital organs. Patients with pleural mesothelioma often report symptoms such as pain in the lower back or chest, shortness of breath, coughing, and other symptoms.

Treatment for pleural mesothelioma may include surgery to relieve pain and discomfort, or in an attempt to cure the disease. Doctors may also try radiation and chemotherapy directly to the chest cavity.